simpeg.electromagnetics.frequency_domain.Simulation3DElectricField

class simpeg.electromagnetics.frequency_domain.Simulation3DElectricField(mesh, survey=None, forward_only=False, permittivity=None, storeJ=False, **kwargs)

Bases: BaseFDEMSimulation

3D FDEM simulation in terms of the electric field.

This simulation solves for the electric field at each frequency. In this formulation, the electric fields are defined on mesh edges and the magnetic flux density is defined on mesh faces; i.e. it is an EB formulation. See the Notes section for a comprehensive description of the formulation.

Parameters:

meshdiscretize.base.BaseMesh

The mesh.

surveyfrequency_domain.survey.Survey

The frequency-domain EM survey.

forward_onlybool, optional

If True, the factorization for the inverse of the system matrix at each frequency is discarded after the fields are computed at that frequency. If False, the factorizations of the system matrices for all frequencies are stored.

permittivity(n_cells,) numpy.ndarray, optional

Dielectric permittivity (F/m) defined on the entire mesh. If None, electric displacement is ignored. Please note that permittivity is not an invertible property, and that future development will result in the deprecation of this propery.

storeJbool, optional

Whether to compute and store the sensitivity matrix.

Attributes

Mcc	Cell center inner product matrix.
MccMu	Cell center property inner product matrix.
MccMuI	Cell center property inner product inverse matrix.
MccMui	Cell center property inner product matrix.
MccMuiI	Cell center property inner product inverse matrix.
MccRho	Cell center property inner product matrix.
MccRhoI	Cell center property inner product inverse matrix.
MccSigma	Cell center property inner product matrix.
MccSigmaI	Cell center property inner product inverse matrix.
Me	Edge inner product matrix.
MeI	Edge inner product inverse matrix.
MeMu	Edge property inner product matrix.
MeMuI	Edge property inner product inverse matrix.
MeMui	Edge property inner product matrix.
MeMuiI	Edge property inner product inverse matrix.
MeRho	Edge property inner product matrix.
MeRhoI	Edge property inner product inverse matrix.
MeSigma	Edge property inner product matrix.
MeSigmaI	Edge property inner product inverse matrix.
Mf	Face inner product matrix.
MfI	Face inner product inverse matrix.
MfMu	Face property inner product matrix.
MfMuI	Face property inner product inverse matrix.
MfMui	Face property inner product matrix.
MfMuiI	Face property inner product inverse matrix.
MfRho	Face property inner product matrix.
MfRhoI	Face property inner product inverse matrix.
MfSigma	Face property inner product matrix.
MfSigmaI	Face property inner product inverse matrix.
Mn	Node inner product matrix.
MnI	Node inner product inverse matrix.
MnMu	Node property inner product matrix.
MnMuI	Node property inner product inverse matrix.
MnMui	Node property inner product matrix.
MnMuiI	Node property inner product inverse matrix.
MnRho	Node property inner product matrix.
MnRhoI	Node property inner product inverse matrix.
MnSigma	Node property inner product matrix.
MnSigmaI	Node property inner product inverse matrix.
clean_on_model_update	A list of solver objects to clean when the model is updated
counter	SimPEG Counter object to store iterations and run-times.
deleteTheseOnModelUpdate	List of model-dependent attributes to clean upon model update.
forward_only	Whether to store the factorizations of the inverses of the system matrices.
mesh	Mesh for the simulation.
model	The inversion model.
mu	Magnetic permeability (h/m) physical property model.
muDeriv	Derivative of Magnetic Permeability (H/m) wrt the model.
muMap	Mapping of the inversion model to Magnetic Permeability (H/m).
mui	Inverse magnetic permeability (m/h) physical property model.
muiDeriv	Derivative of Inverse Magnetic Permeability (m/H) wrt the model.
muiMap	Mapping of the inversion model to Inverse Magnetic Permeability (m/H).
needs_model	True if a model is necessary
permittivity	Dielectric permittivity (F/m)
rho	Electrical resistivity (ohm m) physical property model.
rhoDeriv	Derivative of Electrical resistivity (Ohm m) wrt the model.
rhoMap	Mapping of the inversion model to Electrical resistivity (Ohm m).
sensitivity_path	Path to directory where sensitivity file is stored.
sigma	Electrical conductivity (s/m) physical property model.
sigmaDeriv	Derivative of Electrical conductivity (S/m) wrt the model.
sigmaMap	Mapping of the inversion model to Electrical conductivity (S/m).
solver	Numerical solver used in the forward simulation.
solver_opts	Solver-specific parameters.
storeInnerProduct	Whether to store inner product matrices
storeJ	Whether to compute and store the sensitivity matrix.
survey	The FDEM survey object.
verbose	Verbose progress printout.

MccI
Vol

Methods

Jtvec(m, v[, f])	Compute the adjoint sensitivity matrix times a vector.
Jtvec_approx(m, v[, f])	Approximation of the Jacobian transpose times a vector for the model provided.
Jvec(m, v[, f])	Compute the sensitivity matrix times a vector.
Jvec_approx(m, v[, f])	Approximation of the Jacobian times a vector for the model provided.
MccMuDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MccProperty with respect to the model.
MccMuIDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MccPropertyI with respect to the model.
MccMuiDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MccProperty with respect to the model.
MccMuiIDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MccPropertyI with respect to the model.
MccRhoDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MccProperty with respect to the model.
MccRhoIDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MccPropertyI with respect to the model.
MccSigmaDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MccProperty with respect to the model.
MccSigmaIDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MccPropertyI with respect to the model.
MeMuDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MeProperty with respect to the model.
MeMuIDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MePropertyI with respect to the model.
MeMuiDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MeProperty with respect to the model.
MeMuiIDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MePropertyI with respect to the model.
MeRhoDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MeProperty with respect to the model.
MeRhoIDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MePropertyI with respect to the model.
MeSigmaDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MeProperty with respect to the model.
MeSigmaIDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MePropertyI with respect to the model.
MfMuDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MfProperty with respect to the model.
MfMuIDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	I Derivative of MfPropertyI with respect to the model.
MfMuiDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MfProperty with respect to the model.
MfMuiIDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	I Derivative of MfPropertyI with respect to the model.
MfRhoDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MfProperty with respect to the model.
MfRhoIDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	I Derivative of MfPropertyI with respect to the model.
MfSigmaDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MfProperty with respect to the model.
MfSigmaIDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	I Derivative of MfPropertyI with respect to the model.
MnMuDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MnProperty with respect to the model.
MnMuIDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MnPropertyI with respect to the model.
MnMuiDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MnProperty with respect to the model.
MnMuiIDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MnPropertyI with respect to the model.
MnRhoDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MnProperty with respect to the model.
MnRhoIDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MnPropertyI with respect to the model.
MnSigmaDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MnProperty with respect to the model.
MnSigmaIDeriv(u[, v, adjoint])	Derivative of MnPropertyI with respect to the model.
dpred([m, f])	Predicted data for the model provided.
fields([m])	Compute and return the fields for the model provided.
fieldsPair	alias of Fields3DElectricField
getA(freq)	System matrix for the frequency provided.
getADeriv(freq, u, v[, adjoint])	Derivative operation for the system matrix times a vector.
getADeriv_mui(freq, u, v[, adjoint])	Inverse permeability derivative operation for the system matrix times a vector.
getADeriv_sigma(freq, u, v[, adjoint])	Conductivity derivative operation for the system matrix times a vector.
getJ(m[, f])	Generate the full sensitivity matrix.
getJtJdiag(m[, W, f])	Return the diagonal of \(\mathbf{J^T J}\).
getRHS(freq)	Right-hand sides for the given frequency.
getRHSDeriv(freq, src, v[, adjoint])	Derivative of the right-hand side times a vector for a given source and frequency.
getSourceTerm(freq)	Returns the discrete source terms for the frequency provided.
make_synthetic_data(m[, relative_error, ...])	Make synthetic data for the model and Gaussian noise provided.
residual(m, dobs[, f])	The data residual.

Notes

Here, we start with the Maxwell’s equations in the frequency-domain where a \(+i\omega t\) Fourier convention is used:

\[\begin{split}\begin{align} &\nabla \times \vec{E} + i\omega \vec{B} = - i \omega \vec{S}_m \\ &\nabla \times \vec{H} - \vec{J} = \vec{S}_e \end{align}\end{split}\]

where \(\vec{S}_e\) is an electric source term that defines a source current density, and \(\vec{S}_m\) magnetic source term that defines a source magnetic flux density. We define the constitutive relations for the electrical conductivity \(\sigma\) and magnetic permeability \(\mu\) as:

\[\begin{split}\vec{J} &= \sigma \vec{E} \\ \vec{H} &= \mu^{-1} \vec{B}\end{split}\]

We then take the inner products of all previous expressions with a vector test function \(\vec{u}\). Through vector calculus identities and the divergence theorem, we obtain:

\[\begin{split}& \int_\Omega \vec{u} \cdot (\nabla \times \vec{E}) \, dv + i \omega \int_\Omega \vec{u} \cdot \vec{B} \, dv = - i \omega \int_\Omega \vec{u} \cdot \vec{S}_m \, dv \\ & \int_\Omega (\nabla \times \vec{u}) \cdot \vec{H} \, dv - \oint_{\partial \Omega} \vec{u} \cdot (\vec{H} \times \hat{n}) \, da - \int_\Omega \vec{u} \cdot \vec{J} \, dv = \int_\Omega \vec{u} \cdot \vec{S}_j \, dv \\ & \int_\Omega \vec{u} \cdot \vec{J} \, dv = \int_\Omega \vec{u} \cdot \sigma \vec{E} \, dv \\ & \int_\Omega \vec{u} \cdot \vec{H} \, dv = \int_\Omega \vec{u} \cdot \mu^{-1} \vec{B} \, dv\end{split}\]

Assuming natural boundary conditions, the surface integral is zero.

The above expressions are discretized in space according to the finite volume method. The discrete electric fields \(\mathbf{e}\) are defined on mesh edges, and the discrete magnetic flux densities \(\mathbf{b}\) are defined on mesh faces. This implies \(\mathbf{j}\) must be defined on mesh edges and \(\mathbf{h}\) must be defined on mesh faces. Where \(\mathbf{u_e}\) and \(\mathbf{u_f}\) represent test functions discretized to edges and faces, respectively, we obtain the following set of discrete inner-products:

\[\begin{split}&\mathbf{u_f^T M_f C e} + i \omega \mathbf{u_f^T M_f b} = - i \omega \mathbf{u_f^T M_f s_m} \\ &\mathbf{u_e^T C^T M_f h} - \mathbf{u_e^T M_e j} = \mathbf{u_e^T s_e} \\ &\mathbf{u_e^T M_e j} = \mathbf{u_e^T M_{e \sigma} e} \\ &\mathbf{u_f^T M_f h} = \mathbf{u_f^T M_{f \mu} b}\end{split}\]

where

• \(\mathbf{C}\) is the discrete curl operator

• \(\mathbf{s_m}\) and \(\mathbf{s_e}\) are the integrated magnetic and electric source terms, respectively

• \(\mathbf{M_e}\) is the edge inner-product matrix

• \(\mathbf{M_f}\) is the face inner-product matrix

• \(\mathbf{M_{e\sigma}}\) is the inner-product matrix for conductivities projected to edges

• \(\mathbf{M_{f\frac{1}{\mu}}}\) is the inner-product matrix for inverse permeabilities projected to faces

By cancelling like-terms and combining the discrete expressions to solve for the electric field, we obtain:

\[\mathbf{A \, e} = \mathbf{q}\]

where

• \(\mathbf{A} = \mathbf{C^T M_{f\frac{1}{\mu}} C} + i\omega \mathbf{M_{e\sigma}}\)

• \(\mathbf{q} = - i \omega \mathbf{s_e} - i \omega \mathbf{C^T M_{f\frac{1}{\mu}} s_m }\)

Galleries and Tutorials using simpeg.electromagnetics.frequency_domain.Simulation3DElectricField

MT: 3D: Forward

MT: 3D: Forward

Heagy et al., 2017 Casing Example

Heagy et al., 2017 Casing Example